Seat-of-the-pants weather knowledge is why us westerners have to rescue easterners all the time.
Seat of the pants is a short-term thing. You can't base gear for months worth of travel on tomorrow's weather at your own house. Especially not if you'll be in the mountains where things can change in a matter of hours. Most 3-season people plan for a 20° Low... I'm a 4-seasoner so my winter kit is 0°, overstuffed, and I bring my 50° summer kit to supplement it (it's supposed to be a 45°, but functionally it's 50°) I don't wait for the temp to drop down to 0° though before I add my summer kit to it though, I add it on at around 20°, that way, if it drops under during the night, I don't wake up shivering, already having lost a lot of heat, try to put it all on while shivering then have to wait for my body warm up before I'm comfortable enough to sleep again.
As Dave said. Plan on a week of 100F, and it'll freeze at least once in the mountains of Colorado and Wyoming.
Those web sites will give you historical averages and possibly the extremes. They will tell you almost nothing about what will really happen while you are there.
There is a saying called "The Traveler's Rule" which goes; "It will be hotter than you think, it will be colder than you think and it will rain more than you think."
only meant for LONG-TERM planning... that's why I said NOT to use the extremes... extremes are once or twice in a life-time events and extremes on the warm side don't matter for cold weather prep, while extremes towards the COLD side happen so rarely that it's overkill to bring gear for it everywhere...Plus, with global warming, those past extreme cold events are getting rarer anyway. This doesn't mean that you shouldn't be aware of what the extremes have been or that they can't happen again, only that you don't want to base your everyday kit on it.
If you have to pick ONE setup, you err on the side of safety, or don't go at all... if you go anyway, thinking you can supplement with whatever else you bring, maybe it works and maybe it doesn't, however that works out, well, that's on you.
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