I think most pumps, if not all pumps, would blow apart before they got to 160!
With most plastic pumps with threaded plastic barrels, I agree.
The physics comes down to structure - ability to handle 160 PSI -
i.e., wall strength, hose strength, seal strength, and pump valve strength.
Our strength/leverage to push with sufficient force to move air into a tire with 160 PSI also comes into play. And with smaller pump volumes, a certain amount of patience is needed. As noted, I suspect a lot of the testing of pump limits comes from robotic pumping.
The leverage is improved when the pump is engineered to allow a low-resistance side hose and operation as a miniature floor pump.
The number of strokes it takes primarily reflects the volume of the pump body and to a lesser extent, the efficiency of the seal and valve. Fortunately, tires that require 100 PSI are small. Most folks are running lower volume tires at lower pressures. That said - a large frame pump will always test better than a mini-pump if the goal is fewest strokes to reach a pressure goal for a given tire.
The good news is - we can always polish off a high pressure tire with CO2, as we generally don't bother with tire sealants in high pressure road tires.
Larger tires require less pressure, which explains the popularity of larger volume pumps - the difference between MB or MTB designation
vs. HP for the higher pressure, low volume pumps.
If you're using a 30mm tire on the road, unless you're loaded, pressures can run less than 80 PSI. If you're loaded up, then higher volume tires and lower pressures make a lot of sense.
Here's a recent post on floor pump maintenance from
Bicycling that reviews basic pump components.
https://www.bicycling.com/repair/a35473934/how-to-repair-your-bike-floor-pump/I'm not a big fan of online reviews, but here's two fairly comprehensive reviews of mini-pumps and frame pumps from the now arm-pumped Dave Rome at Cyclingtips.com. The first was already posted by Froze.
If nothing else, these articles will address a lot of the questions about what's out there, how models for larger volume tires differ, and how they differ in construction.
Of course, this is all at the risk of paralyzing information overload. (When in doubt, go with what you have and get out there and ride.)There is a website that tested a lot of pumps; the site did the test back in 2019, but I think all those pumps tested are still available today; see: https://cyclingtips.com/2019/08/the-best-mini-pumps-for-road-gravel-and-mountain-bike-45-tested/
They only tested pumps they knew would get to 80, the rest they didn't bother with, and even a few of those they did test thinking they could make it failed.
Link for the few remaining frame pumps.
https://cyclingtips.com/2019/11/the-best-bicycle-frame-pumps-reviewed/